在标准量子传感（QS）任务中，One旨在通过系统测量结果估算未知参数$ \ theta $，该参数$ \ theta $编码为$ n $ qubit的探测态。此任务的成功取决于将参数的变化与系统响应$ \ MATHCAL {r}（\ theta）$（即测量结果的变化）相关联的能力。对于简单的情况，$ \ Mathcal {r}（\ theta）$的形式是已知的，但是对于现实情况而言，不能说相同，因为不存在一般的封闭式表达式。在这项工作中，我们为QS提供了基于推理的方案。我们表明，对于一般的编码统一家庭，$ \ Mathcal {r}（\ theta）$只能通过仅在$ 2N+1 $参数下测量系统响应来充分表征。反过来，这使我们能够在测量响应中推断未知参数的值，并确定感应方案的灵敏度，这表征了其整体性能。我们表明，如果一个人以许多镜头来测量系统响应，则推理错误的可能性很小，但仅缩放为$ \ omega（\ log^3（n）/\ delta^2） $。此外，所提供的框架可以广泛应用，因为它对于任意探针状态和测量方案仍然有效，甚至在存在量子噪声的情况下也保持。我们还讨论了如何将结果扩展到统一家庭之外。最后，为了展示我们的方法，我们在实际量子硬件和数值模拟中实现了它的QS任务。

作为量子优势的应用，对动态模拟和量子机学习（QML）的关注很大，而使用QML来增强动态模拟的可能性尚未得到彻底研究。在这里，我们开发了一个框架，用于使用QML方法模拟近期量子硬件上的量子动力学。我们使用概括范围，即机器学习模型在看不见的数据上遇到的错误，以严格分析此框架内算法的训练数据要求。这提供了一种保证，就量子和数据要求而言，我们的算法是资源有效的。我们的数字具有问题大小的有效缩放，我们模拟了IBMQ-Bogota上的Trotterization的20倍。

现代量子机学习（QML）方法涉及在训练数据集上进行各种优化参数化量子电路，并随后对测试数据集（即，泛化）进行预测。在这项工作中，我们在培训数量为N $培训数据点后，我们在QML中对QML的普遍表现进行了全面的研究。我们表明，Quantum机器学习模型的泛化误差与$ T $培训门的尺寸在$ \ sqrt {t / n} $上缩放。当只有$ k \ ll t $ gates在优化过程中经历了大量变化时，我们证明了泛化误差改善了$ \ sqrt {k / n} $。我们的结果意味着将Unitaries编制到通常使用指数训练数据的量子计算行业的多项式栅极数量，这是一项通常使用指数尺寸训练数据的大量应用程序。我们还表明，使用量子卷积神经网络的相位过渡的量子状态的分类只需要一个非常小的训练数据集。其他潜在应用包括学习量子误差校正代码或量子动态模拟。我们的工作将新的希望注入QML领域，因为较少的培训数据保证了良好的概括。

Quantum神经网络（QNN）围绕有效分析量子数据产生兴奋。但是，对于许多QNN架构，这种兴奋是通过指数消失的梯度的存在，被称为贫瘠高原景观。最近，已经提出了量子卷积神经网络（QCNNS），涉及一系列卷积和汇集层，其减少Qubits的数量，同时保留有关相关数据特征的信息。在这项工作中，我们严格地分析了QCNN架构中参数的渐变缩放。我们发现梯度的方差不会比多项式更快地消失，这意味着QCNN不会表现出贫瘠的强力。这为随机初始化QCNN的培训提供了一种分析保证，该初始化QCNNS突出显示QCNNS在随机初始化下是与许多其他QNN架构的可训练。为了获得我们的结果，我们介绍了一种基于图形的基于图形的方法，以分析哈尔分布式统一的预期值，这可能在其他情况下很有用。最后，我们执行数值模拟以验证我们的分析结果。

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

A Digital Twin (DT) is a simulation of a physical system that provides information to make decisions that add economic, social or commercial value. The behaviour of a physical system changes over time, a DT must therefore be continually updated with data from the physical systems to reflect its changing behaviour. For resource-constrained systems, updating a DT is non-trivial because of challenges such as on-board learning and the off-board data transfer. This paper presents a framework for updating data-driven DTs of resource-constrained systems geared towards system health monitoring. The proposed solution consists of: (1) an on-board system running a light-weight DT allowing the prioritisation and parsimonious transfer of data generated by the physical system; and (2) off-board robust updating of the DT and detection of anomalous behaviours. Two case studies are considered using a production gas turbine engine system to demonstrate the digital representation accuracy for real-world, time-varying physical systems.

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.

We present a Machine Learning (ML) study case to illustrate the challenges of clinical translation for a real-time AI-empowered echocardiography system with data of ICU patients in LMICs. Such ML case study includes data preparation, curation and labelling from 2D Ultrasound videos of 31 ICU patients in LMICs and model selection, validation and deployment of three thinner neural networks to classify apical four-chamber view. Results of the ML heuristics showed the promising implementation, validation and application of thinner networks to classify 4CV with limited datasets. We conclude this work mentioning the need for (a) datasets to improve diversity of demographics, diseases, and (b) the need of further investigations of thinner models to be run and implemented in low-cost hardware to be clinically translated in the ICU in LMICs. The code and other resources to reproduce this work are available at https://github.com/vital-ultrasound/ai-assisted-echocardiography-for-low-resource-countries.

The ability to jointly learn from multiple modalities, such as text, audio, and visual data, is a defining feature of intelligent systems. While there have been promising advances in designing neural networks to harness multimodal data, the enormous success of data augmentation currently remains limited to single-modality tasks like image classification. Indeed, it is particularly difficult to augment each modality while preserving the overall semantic structure of the data; for example, a caption may no longer be a good description of an image after standard augmentations have been applied, such as translation. Moreover, it is challenging to specify reasonable transformations that are not tailored to a particular modality. In this paper, we introduce LeMDA, Learning Multimodal Data Augmentation, an easy-to-use method that automatically learns to jointly augment multimodal data in feature space, with no constraints on the identities of the modalities or the relationship between modalities. We show that LeMDA can (1) profoundly improve the performance of multimodal deep learning architectures, (2) apply to combinations of modalities that have not been previously considered, and (3) achieve state-of-the-art results on a wide range of applications comprised of image, text, and tabular data.

The SINDy algorithm has been successfully used to identify the governing equations of dynamical systems from time series data. In this paper, we argue that this makes SINDy a potentially useful tool for causal discovery and that existing tools for causal discovery can be used to dramatically improve the performance of SINDy as tool for robust sparse modeling and system identification. We then demonstrate empirically that augmenting the SINDy algorithm with tools from causal discovery can provides engineers with a tool for learning causally robust governing equations.